Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium 14-3-3E / Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase(CPTC-YWHAE-1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
14-3-3E is an adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. It interacts with CDC25 phosphatases, RAF1 and IRS1 proteins, suggesting its role in diverse biochemical activities related to signal transduction, such as cell division and regulation of insulin sensitivity. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer. The YWHAE gene which encodes 14-3-3E has also been identified as a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abunda
Biotium Topoisomerase II alpha (Proliferation & Drug-Resistance Marker) (TOP2A/1362), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a 170 kDa protein, which is identified as topoisomerase IIα. It shows no cross-reaction with topoisomerase IIβ or topoisomerase I. Topo IIα plays important roles in synthesis and transcription of DNA as well as chromosomal segregation during mitosis. It is reported to be a sensitive and specific marker of late S-, G2- & M-phases in transformed and developmentally regulated normal cells. Topo IIα is also implicated in drug resistance of tumor cells.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Estrogen Receptor, alpha (Marker of Estrogen Dependence)(ESR1/3559), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This monoclonal antibody is specific to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. ER is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. Presence of ER in breast tumors indicates an increased likelihood of response to anti-estrogen (e. g. tamoxifen) therapy. It strongly stains nuclei of epithelial cells in breast carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker)(SOX2/3169R), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. SOX2 is necessary for regulating multiple transcription factors that affect Oct 3/4 expression. An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. Reportedly, SOX2 is associated with aggressive phenotypes of breast, head and neck, gastric, colorectal, bladder, and small cell lung cancers. However, SOX2 is expressed in a high percentage of lung squamous cell carcinomas and has been shown to be an independent favorable prognostic marker. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluoresc
Biotium SOX4 (Master Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) (SOX4/2540), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX4 is a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors with a critical role in embryonic development and in cell-fate determination during organogenesis of the heart, pancreas, brain, and in B and T lymphocyte differentiation. SOX4 gene expression is upregulated in many cancer types, and increased SOX4 activity contributes to cellular transformation, cell survival, and metastasis. Gene expression profiling has uncovered SOX4 with upregulated activity during TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells. SOX4 is indispensable for EMT and cell survival in vitro and for primary tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. SOX4 is identified as a master regulator of EMT by governing the expression of the epigenetic modifier Ezh2.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates
Biotium MUC4 (Mucin 4 / Gastric Mucin)(MUC4/3105), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. MUC-4 transcripts have been detected in normal respiratory epithelium and lung. MUC-4 is a very specific (100%) and sensitive (90%) marker of lung adenocarcinomas and is negative for mesotheliomas. Reportedly, MUC-4 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas is an independent factor for poor prognosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S an
Biotium CELA3B / ELA3B (Pancreatic Function Marker) (CELA3B/1374), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of ~30 kDa, identified as CELA3B (Chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B). Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function in clinical assays.Primary antibodie
Biotium Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) (Histiocytoma Marker) (AACT/1452), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Alpha-1 Antichymotrypsin (AACT) is a plasma protease inhibitor synthesized in the liver as a single glycopeptide chain. In human, the normal serum level of AACT is about one-tenth that of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), with which it shares nucleic acid and protein sequence homology. Both are major acute phase reactants; their concentrations in plasma increase in response to trauma, surgery and infection. Elevated levels of AACT are widely, but not universally, reported in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of AD patients. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its SDS-stable complex with AACT are in widespread use as markers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. AACT deficiency may also be a possible cause of chronic liver disease. AACT antibody reacts with histiocytes and histiocytic neoplasms. It is widely used to identify histiocytes and tumors derived from them. Acinar tumors of the pancreas and salivary gland may also exhibit AACT positivity.Primary antibodies are available pur
Biotium CELA3B / ELA3B (Pancreatic Function Marker) (CELA3B/2809R), 0.2mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of ~30 kDa, identified as CELA3B (Chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B). Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function.Primary antibodies are available purified
Biotium GLUT-1 (Tumor Progression and Mesothelioma Marker) (GLUT1/2475), 0.2mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, which is identified as GLUT-1. Glucose transporters are integral membrane glycoproteins involved in transporting glucose into most cells. There are many types of glucose transport carrier proteins, designated as Glut-1 to Glut-12. Glut-1 is a major glucose transporter in the mammalian blood-brain barrier. It is expressed in high density on the membranes of human erythrocytes and the brain capillaries that comprise the blood-brain barrier. Glut-1 is expressed at variable levels in many human tissues. Overexpression of Glut-1 has been linked to tumor progression or poor survival of patients with carcinomas of the colon, breast, cervical, lung, bladder and mesothelioma. Glut-1 is a sensitive and specific marker for the differentiation of malignant mesothelioma (positive) from reactive mesothelium (negative).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exception
Biotium GAD1 / GAD67 (GABAergic Neuronal Marker) (GAD1/2563), 0.2mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 67 kDa, which is identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (GDA1). There are two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs) that are found in the brain: GAD65 (also known as GAD2) and GAD67 (also known as GAD1. GAD65 and GAD67 are members of the group II decarboxylase family of proteins and are responsible for catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the production of GABA (ÃŽ³-aminobutyric acid) from L-glutamic acid. Although both GAD s are found in the brain, GAD65 localizes to synaptic vesicle membranes in nerve terminals, while GAD67 is distributed throughout the cell. GAD67 is responsible for the basal levels of GABA synthesis. In the case of a heightened demand for GABA in neurotransmission, GAD65 will transiently activate to assist in GABA production. The loss of GAD65 is detrimental and can impair GABA neurotransmission, however the loss of GAD67 is lethal.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF
Biotium NKX6.1 (Marker for Pancreatic and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors) (NKX61/2561), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Members of the Nkx family of homeodomain proteins are key regulators of growth and development in several tissues, including brain, heart and pancreas. During neural development, sonic hedgehog (Shh) is known to control cell fate and mitogenesis, which is correlated with Shh dose-dependent expression of several genes, including Nkx-6.1. Specifically, Nkx-6.1 is responsible for cellular differentiation in the ventral neural tube and spinal meninges in response to Shh. In the pancreas, Nkx-6.1 is exclusively expressed in the islets of Langerhans in differentiating and mature B cells, which produce Insulin. The presence of Pdx-1 is required for the expression of Nkx-6.1 as well as other pancreatic B cell specific genes, including Insulin, Glut2 and IAPP. Subsequently, Nkx-6.1 binds to the DNA consensus sequence, TTAATTAC, to direct the repression of specific genes in B cells.Nkx6.1 is highly expressed in pancreatic and duodenal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETS) and i
Biotium Drebrin 1 (DBN1)(DBN1/2879), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Drebrins (developmentally regulated brain proteins) are cytoplasmic proteins that bind F-actin in the brain and are involved in cell migration, extension of neuronal processes and plasticity of dendrites. There are three isoforms: two embryonic types (E1 and E2); and an adult type (A), generated by alternative RNA splicing from a single Drebrin gene. Drebrins are expressed mainly in brain neurons but are also found in skeletal muscle, heart, placenta, pancreas and kidney. Drebrin has been designated as a marker of the dendritic spine. Decreases in Drebrin levels in the brain have been been associated with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium Prolactin Receptor (hPRL Receptor)(rPRLR/742), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 70 kDa, identified as prolactin receptor. Prolactin is a pituitary hormone involved in the stimulation of milk production, salt and water regulation, growth, development and reproduction. The initial step in its action is the binding to a specific membrane receptor (prolactin receptor), which belongs to the superfamily of class 1 cytokine receptors. The function of the prolactin receptor is mediated, at least in part, by two families of signaling molecules: Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Transferrin (Early Marker of Oligodendrocytes)(TF/3001), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Iron (Fe) is a tightly metabolically controlled mineral and growth factor present in all living cells. Iron not bound in erythrocyte hemoglobin is transported by transferrin (Tf), the iron transport protein of vertebrate serum. The transferrin protein contains two homologous domains, each of which contain an Fe-binding site. The majority of transferrin is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the blood, but it is also produced in lower amounts in testis and brain as well as in oligodendrocytes, where transferrin is an early marker of oligodendrocyte differentiation. From the blood, transferrin is internalized by erythroblasts and reticulocytes upon binding the transferrin receptor (TfR), also designated CD71, through a system of coated pits and vesicles. After Fe release, transferrin is returned to the extracellular medium, where it can be reused. Defects in the transferrin gene results in atransferrinemia, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by microcytic